In a world grappling with deforestation, Australia’s forests are offering an unexpected story: they’re expanding. Over the past five years, Australia has added over 750,000 hectares of forest, bringing the total to 133.6 million hectares, or 17% of the country’s landmass. According to the latest State of the Forests Report, this growth is driven by a mix of natural regrowth, Indigenous-led conservation, and targeted reforestation efforts.

This growth is not a mere accident, but rather a product of persistent efforts by diverse, and sometimes under-acknowledged, champions—ranging from Indigenous land stewards to conservation nonprofits and local communities. Together, they are shaping a resilient model of forest management, grounded in centuries-old knowledge and innovative reforestation techniques, providing a hopeful example of ecological restoration in a rapidly changing climate.

Australia’s forest growth, while promising, exists alongside serious environmental hurdles. Long-standing deforestation and wildfires have weakened the nation’s carbon storage capacity, and recent studies raise concerns over ineffective carbon-offset projects. For example, Human-Induced Regeneration (HIR) programs have been shown to miss key targets, regenerating areas unsuitable for forest growth or already covered in vegetation. Additionally, deregulation policies have fueled land clearing, especially in New South Wales, putting fragile ecosystems at greater risk, according to environmental watchdog groups.

Yet, against these odds, forests are expanding, driven by grassroots conservation, Indigenous stewardship, and targeted reforestation—highlighting the resilience of Australia’s landscapes and the dedication of its "unlikely heroes."

Australia’s forest growth isn’t coincidental. It reflects a combination of natural and intentional efforts. Here’s a look at the factors driving this expansion:

Natural Forest Regrowth 🌿: Formerly cleared agricultural lands are returning to forest through natural regrowth, which plays a large role in Australia’s expanding forest cover.

Environmental Plantings and Restoration Projects 🌍: Targeted reforestation projects have added significant forest area. Initiatives like Gondwana Link in Western Australia work to reconnect fragmented landscapes by planting native species, creating crucial wildlife corridors. Since 2002, Gondwana Link has restored over 14,500 hectares with local communities and Indigenous partners, stabilizing soil and supporting biodiversity in this unique region.

Indigenous Forest Stewardship 🔥: Indigenous-managed lands now cover 79.9 million hectares, or 60% of Australia’s forests. Indigenous fire management techniques, known as “cool burning” or “cultural burning,” help manage fuel loads and protect tree canopies, reducing wildfire risks. Organizations like The Nature Conservancy support Indigenous-led fire programs, which operate across 22 million hectares, helping to protect ecosystems and lower emissions.

Mangrove Expansion 🌊: Coastal mangrove forests are expanding, largely due to protections recognizing their value for biodiversity and carbon storage. Mangroves absorb “blue carbon” efficiently, helping mitigate climate change by capturing CO₂ from the atmosphere.

Australia’s forests are as diverse as they are vast, with Eucalypt woodlands dominating, alongside Acacia forests and rainforests. Beyond their sheer natural beauty, these forests play a crucial role in stabilizing the climate, supporting unique wildlife, and protecting waterways. However, these ecosystems face challenges: from 2016 to 2021, 35% of Australia’s forested areas were impacted by fires. Balancing protection, sustainable use, and regeneration of forests is essential for maintaining their ecological benefits.

Australia’s forest management combines traditional knowledge with modern strategies. Key initiatives include:

Learning from Indigenous Land Management 🔥: Indigenous fire management practices, especially controlled cool burns, are effective in reducing wildfire risks while supporting biodiversity. Partnered with organizations like The Nature Conservancy, these early-season burns help protect ecosystems while lowering emissions.

Boosting Reforestation Efforts 🌱: Australia’s strategy emphasizes reforestation through natural regrowth and environmental plantings. Community-driven programs like Gondwana Link are restoring degraded areas, providing ecological benefits and a strong community connection to the land.

Together, these strategies are vital for maintaining forest growth and the essential services forests provide, from habitat support to carbon storage.

The 2023 State of the Forests Report compiles valuable data on forest area, biodiversity, carbon storage, forest health, and economic contributions. The report distinguishes commercial plantations—1.82 million hectares used for wood production, including softwood (1.06 million hectares) and hardwood (0.74 million hectares)— and from environmental plantings, which cover 0.24 million hectares focused on restoration. This data shows that forests play a key role in the Australian economy, while supporting over 51,000 jobs and contributing $2.4 billion annually to the country's GDP.

While conservationists, Indigenous stewards, and environmental planting initiatives all contribute meaningfully, it is Australia’s natural forests that bear the greatest burden of carbon storage and ecological resilience. These forests—through natural regrowth and regeneration—are absorbing CO₂, protecting biodiversity, and stabilizing ecosystems at a scale unmatched by human intervention alone. Conservation is thus the most powerful tool available, safeguarding these natural landscapes and ensuring they continue to thrive amid climate pressures.

At the same time, environmental planting projects, which focus on replanting native species for ecological benefits rather than commercial gain, offer essential support. Expanding such initiatives alongside Indigenous-led fire management can help enhance and restore degraded lands, offering a complementary approach that strengthens Australia’s ecological fabric. By prioritizing these natural and restorative efforts, Australia can further its commitment to sustainable land management and perhaps someday provide an inspiring model for global conservation.